draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-06.txt   draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-latest.txt 
HTTP Working Group M. West, Ed. HTTP Working Group M. West, Ed.
Internet-Draft Google, Inc Internet-Draft Google, Inc
Obsoletes: 6265 (if approved) J. Wilander, Ed. Obsoletes: 6265 (if approved) J. Wilander, Ed.
Intended status: Standards Track Apple, Inc Intended status: Standards Track Apple, Inc
Expires: October 22, 2020 April 20, 2020 Expires: April 30, 2021 October 27, 2020
Cookies: HTTP State Management Mechanism Cookies: HTTP State Management Mechanism
draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-06 draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-latest
Abstract Abstract
This document defines the HTTP Cookie and Set-Cookie header fields. This document defines the HTTP Cookie and Set-Cookie header fields.
These header fields can be used by HTTP servers to store state These header fields can be used by HTTP servers to store state
(called cookies) at HTTP user agents, letting the servers maintain a (called cookies) at HTTP user agents, letting the servers maintain a
stateful session over the mostly stateless HTTP protocol. Although stateful session over the mostly stateless HTTP protocol. Although
cookies have many historical infelicities that degrade their security cookies have many historical infelicities that degrade their security
and privacy, the Cookie and Set-Cookie header fields are widely used and privacy, the Cookie and Set-Cookie header fields are widely used
on the Internet. This document obsoletes RFC 6265. on the Internet. This document obsoletes RFC 6265.
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Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on October 22, 2020. This Internet-Draft will expire on April 30, 2021.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved. document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents publication of this document. Please review these documents
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5.3.4. The Path Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.3.4. The Path Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.3.5. The Secure Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.3.5. The Secure Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.3.6. The HttpOnly Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.3.6. The HttpOnly Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.3.7. The SameSite Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.3.7. The SameSite Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.4. Storage Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.4. Storage Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.5. The Cookie Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.5. The Cookie Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6. Implementation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6. Implementation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.1. Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.1. Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.2. Application Programming Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.2. Application Programming Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.3. IDNA Dependency and Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.3. IDNA Dependency and Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7. Privacy Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 7. Privacy Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.1. Third-Party Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7.1. Third-Party Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.2. User Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7.2. User Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.3. Expiration Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7.3. Expiration Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
8.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 8.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
8.2. Ambient Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 8.2. Ambient Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
8.3. Clear Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 8.3. Clear Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
8.4. Session Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 8.4. Session Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
8.5. Weak Confidentiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 8.5. Weak Confidentiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
8.6. Weak Integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 8.6. Weak Integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
8.7. Reliance on DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 8.7. Reliance on DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
8.8. SameSite Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 8.8. SameSite Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
8.8.1. Defense in depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 8.8.1. Defense in depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
8.8.2. Top-level Navigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 8.8.2. Top-level Navigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8.8.3. Mashups and Widgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 8.8.3. Mashups and Widgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8.8.4. Server-controlled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 8.8.4. Server-controlled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.1. Cookie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 9.1. Cookie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.2. Set-Cookie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 9.2. Set-Cookie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.3. Cookie Attribute Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 9.3. Cookie Attribute Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9.3.1. Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 9.3.1. Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9.3.2. Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 9.3.2. Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
10.3. URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 10.3. URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Appendix A. Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Appendix A. Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
A.1. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 A.1. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
A.2. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-01 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 A.2. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-01 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
A.3. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-02 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 A.3. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-02 . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
A.4. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-03 . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 A.4. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-03 . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
A.5. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-04 . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 A.5. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-04 . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
A.6. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-05 . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 A.6. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-05 . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
A.7. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-06 . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 A.7. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-06 . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 A.8. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-07 . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
This document defines the HTTP Cookie and Set-Cookie header fields. This document defines the HTTP Cookie and Set-Cookie header fields.
Using the Set-Cookie header field, an HTTP server can pass name/value Using the Set-Cookie header field, an HTTP server can pass name/value
pairs and associated metadata (called cookies) to a user agent. When pairs and associated metadata (called cookies) to a user agent. When
the user agent makes subsequent requests to the server, the user the user agent makes subsequent requests to the server, the user
agent uses the metadata and other information to determine whether to agent uses the metadata and other information to determine whether to
return the name/value pairs in the Cookie header. return the name/value pairs in the Cookie header.
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server to the user agent. server to the user agent.
4.1.1. Syntax 4.1.1. Syntax
Informally, the Set-Cookie response header contains the header name Informally, the Set-Cookie response header contains the header name
"Set-Cookie" followed by a ":" and a cookie. Each cookie begins with "Set-Cookie" followed by a ":" and a cookie. Each cookie begins with
a name-value-pair, followed by zero or more attribute-value pairs. a name-value-pair, followed by zero or more attribute-value pairs.
Servers SHOULD NOT send Set-Cookie headers that fail to conform to Servers SHOULD NOT send Set-Cookie headers that fail to conform to
the following grammar: the following grammar:
set-cookie-header = "Set-Cookie:" SP BWS set-cookie-string set-cookie-header = "Set-Cookie:" SP BWS set-cookie-string
set-cookie-string = BWS cookie-pair *( BWS ";" OWS cookie-av ) set-cookie-string = BWS cookie-pair *( BWS ";" OWS cookie-av )
cookie-pair = cookie-name BWS "=" BWS cookie-value cookie-pair = cookie-name BWS "=" BWS cookie-value
cookie-name = 1*cookie-octet cookie-name = 1*cookie-octet
cookie-value = *cookie-octet / ( DQUOTE *cookie-octet DQUOTE ) cookie-value = *cookie-octet / ( DQUOTE *cookie-octet DQUOTE )
cookie-octet = %x21 / %x23-2B / %x2D-3A / %x3C-5B / %x5D-7E / %x80-FF cookie-octet = %x21 / %x23-2B / %x2D-3A / %x3C-5B / %x5D-7E
; US-ASCII characters excluding CTLs, / %x80-FF
; whitespace DQUOTE, comma, semicolon, ; octets excluding CTLs,
; and backslash ; whitespace DQUOTE, comma, semicolon,
; and backslash
cookie-av = expires-av / max-age-av / domain-av / cookie-av = expires-av / max-age-av / domain-av /
path-av / secure-av / httponly-av / path-av / secure-av / httponly-av /
samesite-av / extension-av samesite-av / extension-av
expires-av = "Expires" BWS "=" BWS sane-cookie-date expires-av = "Expires" BWS "=" BWS sane-cookie-date
sane-cookie-date = sane-cookie-date =
<IMF-fixdate, defined in [RFC7231], Section 7.1.1.1> <IMF-fixdate, defined in [RFC7231], Section 7.1.1.1>
max-age-av = "Max-Age" BWS "=" BWS non-zero-digit *DIGIT max-age-av = "Max-Age" BWS "=" BWS non-zero-digit *DIGIT
; In practice, both expires-av and max-age-av ; In practice, both expires-av and max-age-av
; are limited to dates representable by the ; are limited to dates representable by the
; user agent. ; user agent.
non-zero-digit = %x31-39 non-zero-digit = %x31-39
; digits 1 through 9 ; digits 1 through 9
domain-av = "Domain" BWS "=" BWS domain-value domain-av = "Domain" BWS "=" BWS domain-value
domain-value = <subdomain> domain-value = <subdomain>
; defined in [RFC1034], Section 3.5, as ; defined in [RFC1034], Section 3.5, as
; enhanced by [RFC1123], Section 2.1 ; enhanced by [RFC1123], Section 2.1
path-av = "Path" BWS "=" BWS path-value path-av = "Path" BWS "=" BWS path-value
path-value = *av-octet path-value = *av-octet
secure-av = "Secure" secure-av = "Secure"
httponly-av = "HttpOnly" httponly-av = "HttpOnly"
samesite-av = "SameSite" BWS "=" BWS samesite-value samesite-av = "SameSite" BWS "=" BWS samesite-value
samesite-value = "Strict" / "Lax" / "None" samesite-value = "Strict" / "Lax" / "None"
extension-av = *av-octet extension-av = *av-octet
av-octet = %x20-3A / %x3C-7E av-octet = %x20-3A / %x3C-7E
; any CHAR except CTLs or ";" ; any CHAR except CTLs or ";"
Note that some of the grammatical terms above reference documents Note that some of the grammatical terms above reference documents
that use different grammatical notations than this document (which that use different grammatical notations than this document (which
uses ABNF from [RFC5234]). uses ABNF from [RFC5234]).
The semantics of the cookie-value are not defined by this document. The semantics of the cookie-value are not defined by this document.
To maximize compatibility with user agents, servers that wish to To maximize compatibility with user agents, servers that wish to
store arbitrary data in a cookie-value SHOULD encode that data, for store arbitrary data in a cookie-value SHOULD encode that data, for
example, using Base64 [RFC4648]. example, using Base64 [RFC4648].
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continue to ignore. continue to ignore.
For example, the following cookies would always be rejected: For example, the following cookies would always be rejected:
Set-Cookie: __Host-SID=12345 Set-Cookie: __Host-SID=12345
Set-Cookie: __Host-SID=12345; Secure Set-Cookie: __Host-SID=12345; Secure
Set-Cookie: __Host-SID=12345; Domain=site.example Set-Cookie: __Host-SID=12345; Domain=site.example
Set-Cookie: __Host-SID=12345; Domain=site.example; Path=/ Set-Cookie: __Host-SID=12345; Domain=site.example; Path=/
Set-Cookie: __Host-SID=12345; Secure; Domain=site.example; Path=/ Set-Cookie: __Host-SID=12345; Secure; Domain=site.example; Path=/
While the would be accepted if set from a secure origin (e.g. While the following would be accepted if set from a secure origin
"https://site.example/"), and rejected otherwise: (e.g. "https://site.example/"), and rejected otherwise:
Set-Cookie: __Host-SID=12345; Secure; Path=/ Set-Cookie: __Host-SID=12345; Secure; Path=/
4.2. Cookie 4.2. Cookie
4.2.1. Syntax 4.2.1. Syntax
The user agent sends stored cookies to the origin server in the The user agent sends stored cookies to the origin server in the
Cookie header. If the server conforms to the requirements in Cookie header. If the server conforms to the requirements in
Section 4.1 (and the user agent conforms to the requirements in Section 4.1 (and the user agent conforms to the requirements in
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name-value-pair. name-value-pair.
Otherwise, the name string consists of the characters up to, but Otherwise, the name string consists of the characters up to, but
not including, the first %x3D ("=") character, and the (possibly not including, the first %x3D ("=") character, and the (possibly
empty) value string consists of the characters after the first empty) value string consists of the characters after the first
%x3D ("=") character. %x3D ("=") character.
3. Remove any leading or trailing WSP characters from the name 3. Remove any leading or trailing WSP characters from the name
string and the value string. string and the value string.
4. If both the name string and the value string are empty, ignore 4. The cookie-name is the name string, and the cookie-value is the
the set-cookie-string entirely.
5. The cookie-name is the name string, and the cookie-value is the
value string. value string.
The user agent MUST use an algorithm equivalent to the following The user agent MUST use an algorithm equivalent to the following
algorithm to parse the unparsed-attributes: algorithm to parse the unparsed-attributes:
1. If the unparsed-attributes string is empty, skip the rest of 1. If the unparsed-attributes string is empty, skip the rest of
these steps. these steps.
2. Discard the first character of the unparsed-attributes (which 2. Discard the first character of the unparsed-attributes (which
will be a %x3B (";") character). will be a %x3B (";") character).
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When the user agent "receives a cookie" from a request-uri with name When the user agent "receives a cookie" from a request-uri with name
cookie-name, value cookie-value, and attributes cookie-attribute- cookie-name, value cookie-value, and attributes cookie-attribute-
list, the user agent MUST process the cookie as follows: list, the user agent MUST process the cookie as follows:
1. A user agent MAY ignore a received cookie in its entirety. For 1. A user agent MAY ignore a received cookie in its entirety. For
example, the user agent might wish to block receiving cookies example, the user agent might wish to block receiving cookies
from "third-party" responses or the user agent might not wish to from "third-party" responses or the user agent might not wish to
store cookies that exceed some size. store cookies that exceed some size.
2. Create a new cookie with name cookie-name, value cookie-value. 2. If cookie-name is empty and cookie-value is empty, abort these
steps and ignore the cookie entirely.
3. Create a new cookie with name cookie-name, value cookie-value.
Set the creation-time and the last-access-time to the current Set the creation-time and the last-access-time to the current
date and time. date and time.
3. If the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an 4. If the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an
attribute-name of "Max-Age": attribute-name of "Max-Age":
1. Set the cookie's persistent-flag to true. 1. Set the cookie's persistent-flag to true.
2. Set the cookie's expiry-time to attribute-value of the last 2. Set the cookie's expiry-time to attribute-value of the last
attribute in the cookie-attribute-list with an attribute- attribute in the cookie-attribute-list with an attribute-
name of "Max-Age". name of "Max-Age".
Otherwise, if the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute Otherwise, if the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute
with an attribute-name of "Expires" (and does not contain an with an attribute-name of "Expires" (and does not contain an
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attribute in the cookie-attribute-list with an attribute- attribute in the cookie-attribute-list with an attribute-
name of "Expires". name of "Expires".
Otherwise: Otherwise:
1. Set the cookie's persistent-flag to false. 1. Set the cookie's persistent-flag to false.
2. Set the cookie's expiry-time to the latest representable 2. Set the cookie's expiry-time to the latest representable
date. date.
4. If the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an 5. If the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an
attribute-name of "Domain": attribute-name of "Domain":
1. Let the domain-attribute be the attribute-value of the last 1. Let the domain-attribute be the attribute-value of the last
attribute in the cookie-attribute-list with an attribute- attribute in the cookie-attribute-list with an attribute-
name of "Domain". name of "Domain".
Otherwise: Otherwise:
1. Let the domain-attribute be the empty string. 1. Let the domain-attribute be the empty string.
5. If the user agent is configured to reject "public suffixes" and 6. If the user agent is configured to reject "public suffixes" and
the domain-attribute is a public suffix: the domain-attribute is a public suffix:
1. If the domain-attribute is identical to the canonicalized 1. If the domain-attribute is identical to the canonicalized
request-host: request-host:
1. Let the domain-attribute be the empty string. 1. Let the domain-attribute be the empty string.
Otherwise: Otherwise:
1. Ignore the cookie entirely and abort these steps. 1. Ignore the cookie entirely and abort these steps.
NOTE: This step prevents "attacker.example" from disrupting the NOTE: This step prevents "attacker.example" from disrupting the
integrity of "site.example" by setting a cookie with a Domain integrity of "site.example" by setting a cookie with a Domain
attribute of "example". attribute of "example".
6. If the domain-attribute is non-empty: 7. If the domain-attribute is non-empty:
1. If the canonicalized request-host does not domain-match the 1. If the canonicalized request-host does not domain-match the
domain-attribute: domain-attribute:
1. Ignore the cookie entirely and abort these steps. 1. Ignore the cookie entirely and abort these steps.
Otherwise: Otherwise:
1. Set the cookie's host-only-flag to false. 1. Set the cookie's host-only-flag to false.
2. Set the cookie's domain to the domain-attribute. 2. Set the cookie's domain to the domain-attribute.
Otherwise: Otherwise:
1. Set the cookie's host-only-flag to true. 1. Set the cookie's host-only-flag to true.
2. Set the cookie's domain to the canonicalized request-host. 2. Set the cookie's domain to the canonicalized request-host.
7. If the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an 8. If the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an
attribute-name of "Path", set the cookie's path to attribute- attribute-name of "Path", set the cookie's path to attribute-
value of the last attribute in the cookie-attribute-list with an value of the last attribute in the cookie-attribute-list with an
attribute-name of "Path". Otherwise, set the cookie's path to attribute-name of "Path". Otherwise, set the cookie's path to
the default-path of the request-uri. the default-path of the request-uri.
8. If the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an 9. If the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an
attribute-name of "Secure", set the cookie's secure-only-flag to attribute-name of "Secure", set the cookie's secure-only-flag to
true. Otherwise, set the cookie's secure-only-flag to false. true. Otherwise, set the cookie's secure-only-flag to false.
9. If the scheme component of the request-uri does not denote a 10. If the scheme component of the request-uri does not denote a
"secure" protocol (as defined by the user agent), and the "secure" protocol (as defined by the user agent), and the
cookie's secure-only-flag is true, then abort these steps and cookie's secure-only-flag is true, then abort these steps and
ignore the cookie entirely. ignore the cookie entirely.
10. If the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an 11. If the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an
attribute-name of "HttpOnly", set the cookie's http-only-flag to attribute-name of "HttpOnly", set the cookie's http-only-flag to
true. Otherwise, set the cookie's http-only-flag to false. true. Otherwise, set the cookie's http-only-flag to false.
11. If the cookie was received from a "non-HTTP" API and the 12. If the cookie was received from a "non-HTTP" API and the
cookie's http-only-flag is true, abort these steps and ignore cookie's http-only-flag is true, abort these steps and ignore
the cookie entirely. the cookie entirely.
12. If the cookie's secure-only-flag is false, and the scheme 13. If the cookie's secure-only-flag is false, and the scheme
component of request-uri does not denote a "secure" protocol, component of request-uri does not denote a "secure" protocol,
then abort these steps and ignore the cookie entirely if the then abort these steps and ignore the cookie entirely if the
cookie store contains one or more cookies that meet all of the cookie store contains one or more cookies that meet all of the
following criteria: following criteria:
1. Their name matches the name of the newly-created cookie. 1. Their name matches the name of the newly-created cookie.
2. Their secure-only-flag is true. 2. Their secure-only-flag is true.
3. Their domain domain-matches the domain of the newly-created 3. Their domain domain-matches the domain of the newly-created
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of the existing cookie. of the existing cookie.
Note: The path comparison is not symmetric, ensuring only that a Note: The path comparison is not symmetric, ensuring only that a
newly-created, non-secure cookie does not overlay an existing newly-created, non-secure cookie does not overlay an existing
secure cookie, providing some mitigation against cookie-fixing secure cookie, providing some mitigation against cookie-fixing
attacks. That is, given an existing secure cookie named 'a' attacks. That is, given an existing secure cookie named 'a'
with a path of '/login', a non-secure cookie named 'a' could be with a path of '/login', a non-secure cookie named 'a' could be
set for a path of '/' or '/foo', but not for a path of '/login' set for a path of '/' or '/foo', but not for a path of '/login'
or '/login/en'. or '/login/en'.
13. If the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an 14. If the cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an
attribute-name of "SameSite", set the cookie's same-site-flag to attribute-name of "SameSite", set the cookie's same-site-flag to
the attribute-value of the last attribute in the cookie- the attribute-value of the last attribute in the cookie-
attribute-list with an attribute-name of "SameSite" (i.e. either attribute-list with an attribute-name of "SameSite" (i.e. either
"Strict", "Lax", or "None"). Otherwise, set the cookie's same- "Strict", "Lax", or "None"). Otherwise, set the cookie's same-
site-flag to "None". site-flag to "None".
14. If the cookie's "same-site-flag" is not "None": 15. If the cookie's "same-site-flag" is not "None":
1. If the cookie was received from a "non-HTTP" API, and the 1. If the cookie was received from a "non-HTTP" API, and the
API was called from a context whose "site for cookies" is API was called from a context whose "site for cookies" is
not an exact match for request-uri's host's registrable not an exact match for request-uri's host's registrable
domain, then abort these steps and ignore the newly created domain, then abort these steps and ignore the newly created
cookie entirely. cookie entirely.
2. If the cookie was received from a "same-site" request (as 2. If the cookie was received from a "same-site" request (as
defined in Section 5.2), skip the remaining substeps and defined in Section 5.2), skip the remaining substeps and
continue processing the cookie. continue processing the cookie.
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processing the cookie. processing the cookie.
Note: Top-level navigations can create a cookie with any Note: Top-level navigations can create a cookie with any
"SameSite" value, even if the new cookie wouldn't have been "SameSite" value, even if the new cookie wouldn't have been
sent along with the request had it already existed prior to sent along with the request had it already existed prior to
the navigation. the navigation.
4. Abort these steps and ignore the newly created cookie 4. Abort these steps and ignore the newly created cookie
entirely. entirely.
15. If the cookie-name begins with a case-sensitive match for the 16. If the cookie-name begins with a case-sensitive match for the
string "__Secure-", abort these steps and ignore the cookie string "__Secure-", abort these steps and ignore the cookie
entirely unless the cookie's secure-only-flag is true. entirely unless the cookie's secure-only-flag is true.
16. If the cookie-name begins with a case-sensitive match for the 17. If the cookie-name begins with a case-sensitive match for the
string "__Host-", abort these steps and ignore the cookie string "__Host-", abort these steps and ignore the cookie
entirely unless the cookie meets all the following criteria: entirely unless the cookie meets all the following criteria:
1. The cookie's secure-only-flag is true. 1. The cookie's secure-only-flag is true.
2. The cookie's host-only-flag is true. 2. The cookie's host-only-flag is true.
3. The cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an 3. The cookie-attribute-list contains an attribute with an
attribute-name of "Path", and the cookie's path is "/". attribute-name of "Path", and the cookie's path is "/".
17. If the cookie store contains a cookie with the same name, 18. If the cookie store contains a cookie with the same name,
domain, host-only-flag, and path as the newly-created cookie: domain, host-only-flag, and path as the newly-created cookie:
1. Let old-cookie be the existing cookie with the same name, 1. Let old-cookie be the existing cookie with the same name,
domain, host-only-flag, and path as the newly-created domain, host-only-flag, and path as the newly-created
cookie. (Notice that this algorithm maintains the invariant cookie. (Notice that this algorithm maintains the invariant
that there is at most one such cookie.) that there is at most one such cookie.)
2. If the newly-created cookie was received from a "non-HTTP" 2. If the newly-created cookie was received from a "non-HTTP"
API and the old-cookie's http-only-flag is true, abort these API and the old-cookie's http-only-flag is true, abort these
steps and ignore the newly created cookie entirely. steps and ignore the newly created cookie entirely.
3. Update the creation-time of the newly-created cookie to 3. Update the creation-time of the newly-created cookie to
match the creation-time of the old-cookie. match the creation-time of the old-cookie.
4. Remove the old-cookie from the cookie store. 4. Remove the old-cookie from the cookie store.
18. Insert the newly-created cookie into the cookie store. 19. Insert the newly-created cookie into the cookie store.
A cookie is "expired" if the cookie has an expiry date in the past. A cookie is "expired" if the cookie has an expiry date in the past.
The user agent MUST evict all expired cookies from the cookie store The user agent MUST evict all expired cookies from the cookie store
if, at any time, an expired cookie exists in the cookie store. if, at any time, an expired cookie exists in the cookie store.
At any time, the user agent MAY "remove excess cookies" from the At any time, the user agent MAY "remove excess cookies" from the
cookie store if the number of cookies sharing a domain field exceeds cookie store if the number of cookies sharing a domain field exceeds
some implementation-defined upper bound (such as 50 cookies). some implementation-defined upper bound (such as 50 cookies).
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of [RFC8126]). The attribute to be registered MUST match the of [RFC8126]). The attribute to be registered MUST match the
"extension-av" syntax defined in Section 4.1.1. Note that attribute "extension-av" syntax defined in Section 4.1.1. Note that attribute
names are generally defined in CamelCase, but technically accepted names are generally defined in CamelCase, but technically accepted
case-insensitively. case-insensitively.
9.3.2. Registration 9.3.2. Registration
The "Cookie Attribute Registry" will be updated with the The "Cookie Attribute Registry" will be updated with the
registrations below: registrations below:
+----------+----------------------------------------+ +----------+----------------------------------+
| Name | Reference | | Name | Reference |
+----------+----------------------------------------+ +----------+----------------------------------+
| Domain | Section 4.1.2.3 of this document | | Domain | Section 4.1.2.3 of this document |
| Expires | Section 4.1.2.1 of this document | | Expires | Section 4.1.2.1 of this document |
| HttpOnly | {{attribute-httponly} of this document | | HttpOnly | Section 4.1.2.6 of this document |
| Max-Age | {{attribute-max-age} of this document | | Max-Age | Section 4.1.2.2 of this document |
| Path | {{attribute-path} of this document | | Path | Section 4.1.2.4 of this document |
| SameSite | {{attribute-samesite} of this document | | SameSite | Section 4.1.2.7 of this document |
| Secure | {{attribute-secure} of this document | | Secure | Section 4.1.2.5 of this document |
+----------+----------------------------------------+ +----------+----------------------------------+
10. References 10. References
10.1. Normative References 10.1. Normative References
[FETCH] van Kesteren, A., "Fetch", n.d., [FETCH] van Kesteren, A., "Fetch", n.d.,
<https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/>. <https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/>.
[HTML] Hickson, I., Pieters, S., van Kesteren, A., Jaegenstedt, [HTML] Hickson, I., Pieters, S., van Kesteren, A., Jaegenstedt,
P., and D. Denicola, "HTML", n.d., P., and D. Denicola, "HTML", n.d.,
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[28] https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/pull/1060 [28] https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/pull/1060
[29] https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1074 [29] https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1074
[30] https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1119 [30] https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1119
[31] https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/pull/1143 [31] https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/pull/1143
[32] https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1159 [32] https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1159
[33] https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1234
Appendix A. Changes Appendix A. Changes
A.1. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-00 A.1. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-00
o Port [RFC6265] to Markdown. No (intentional) normative changes. o Port [RFC6265] to Markdown. No (intentional) normative changes.
A.2. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-01 A.2. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-01
o Fixes to formatting caused by mistakes in the initial port to o Fixes to formatting caused by mistakes in the initial port to
Markdown: Markdown:
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production: https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1074 production: https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1074
[29], https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1119 [30]. [29], https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1119 [30].
o Fixed serialization for nameless/valueless cookies: o Fixed serialization for nameless/valueless cookies:
https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/pull/1143 [31]. https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/pull/1143 [31].
o Converted a normative reference to Mozilla's Public Suffix List o Converted a normative reference to Mozilla's Public Suffix List
[PSL] into an informative reference: https://github.com/httpwg/ [PSL] into an informative reference: https://github.com/httpwg/
http-extensions/issues/1159 [32]. http-extensions/issues/1159 [32].
A.8. draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-07
o Moved instruction to ignore cookies with empty cookie-name and
cookie-value from Section 5.3 to Section 5.4 to ensure that they
apply to cookies created without parsing a cookie string:
https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1234 [33].
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements
RFC 6265 was written by Adam Barth. This document is a minor update RFC 6265 was written by Adam Barth. This document is a minor update
of RFC 6265, adding small features, and aligning the specification of RFC 6265, adding small features, and aligning the specification
with the reality of today's deployments. Here, we're standing upon with the reality of today's deployments. Here, we're standing upon
the shoulders of a giant since the majority of the text is still the shoulders of a giant since the majority of the text is still
Adam's. Adam's.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
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