ISAMET Inc.

5001 Baum Blvd Suite 650 Pittsburgh PA 15213 US daboo@isamet.com

Oracle Corporation

600 blvd. de Maisonneuve West 10th Floor Montreal QC H3A 3J2 CA bernard.desruisseaux@oracle.com

Open Source Application Foundation

2064 Edgewood Dr. Palo Alto CA 94303 US lisa@osafoundation.org

Applications I-D calsched calsch caldav calendar webdav iCalendar iTIP HTTP This document specifies a set of methods, headers and resource types that define the calendaring and scheduling extension to the WebDAV protocol. In the five years since WebDAV was standardized, at least three groups have used WebDAV as a basis to provide Internet calendar access with a minimum of development effort. However, each group decided independently how the calendaring data model would map to the WebDAV data model and how to deal with features such as recurrence and queries for free-busy times. This draft proposes a standard data model mapping and a few extensions to WebDAV that make WebDAV-server-based calendaring work well for clients while requiring a minimum of new work (particularly on clients).

The concept of using HTTP and WebDAV as a basis for a calendaring server is by no means a new concept: it was discussed in the IETF CALSCH working group as early as 1997 or 1998. Several companies have implemented calendaring servers using HTTP PUT/GET to upload and download iCalendar events, and using WebDAV PROPFIND to get listings of resources. However, those implementations do not interoperate because there are many small and big decisions to be made in how to model calendaring data as WebDAV resources and properties, as well as how to implement required features that aren't already part of WebDAV. This draft is therefore intended to propose a standard way of modeling calendar data in WebDAV, plus some additional features to make calendaring work well. WebDAV properties and other XML element names defined in this specification all use the "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav" namespace. Implementors may find occasion to define new WebDAV properties and other XML elements in implementing this specification, but this namespace is not intended for use in custom extensions.

WebDAV offers a number of advantages as a framework or basis for calendar access. Most of these advantages boil down to a significant reduction in design costs, implementation costs, interoperability test costs, deployment costs, and the cost of mistakes. Every new standard author or implementor finds certain small errors and the IETF spends considerable time and effort remediating these. Some of the advantages are contingent upon the way WebDAV is used, which is why this section exploring advantages is inseparable from the rest of this document for the moment.

WebDAV is an extension to the HTTP/1.1 protocol, therefore its URLs are HTTP URLs. If calendar access were an extension of WebDAV then it could also share HTTP URLs. This can make a lot of sense because it allows very simple calendar browsing clients to be written for devices that already have a HTTP stack: the client merely needs to download those calendar objects and be able to parse their formats. Since the iCalendar formats are well-defined and well-supported, there's a natural choice for what resource to download for a granular calendar object. If HTTP GET can be used to represent a calendar object, then appointment references can be easily downloaded, synchronized and shared. Specifying new URL formats creates additional work for implementors of clients, servers and related applications that might see those URLs. Although new URL formats are appropriate in many cases, sometimes HTTP URLs may be appropriate -- particularly for an application which extends HTTP and allows all the standard HTTP methods to work correctly. Not only are HTTP URLs appropriate for Calendar objects, but they also eliminate the need to specify a new URL schema and format and implement it.

Calendar functionality is found extremely frequently on the Web. Even calendaring systems designed primarily for access by smart clients (smart clients are those which have application logic, as opposed to thin clients or Web browsers) typically also have a Web interface accessible by thin clients. Some calendaring applications are available only via Web interfaces, for example those found on systems such as Yahoo! Groups. Because of the frequent use of Web interfaces, and the possibility of supporting Web services, WebDAV is a particularly suitable framework for calendar data. HTTP URLs to calendar objects can be used natively in these systems. WebDAV provides property information in an XML format, easily consumed by Web services which usually import XML data anyway. Web interfaces can use stylesheets to transform XML data into HTML presentation. This approach is described in <http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/exchange/exchange2000/deploy/confeat/e2kowa.asp>.

The HTTP/WebDAV feature model encourages a wide range of clients, from extremely simple to very rich. This is because servers must support a wide range of features, but clients can pick and choose which features to support. For example, even though a WebDAV server must support the 'lockdiscovery' property, there's no requirement for a client to request or parse this property value if it has no need to. Generally speaking, clients may pick and choose which methods and properties to support, as long as the client has a reasonable response to the error conditions which might be returned. A simple client can merely download and upload iCalendar objects and use very little XML or advanced WebDAV functionality. At the other end of the scale, a rich calendaring client using WebDAV-based calendaring could choose to implement offline functionality, free-busy searches crossing multiple servers, advanced tasks and even some workflow, by using more of the features and possibly defining its own dead properties. (Note: WebDAV's 'dead' properties are those which the server allows clients to set but the server has no special behavior regarding those properties. Other clients may query and use these dead properties.)

WebDAV includes locking support. Locks are indispensable when multiple authors may modify or create the same resources. Locks not only prevent authors from accidentally overwriting each others work (as ETags do), they also help authors coordinate that work by seeing when to wait for another author to finish. Calendar users benefit slightly from this functionality, more so when group calendars or shared calendars allow booking of large groups of people or broadly-used resources such as conference rooms or equipment.

The WebDAV ACL specification is now a standard, and several implementations have already demonstrated interoperability. Any shared or group calendar application benefits from interoperable access control. Access control can help define who can schedule a user for new appointments without having to make email requests, who can view free/busy time, and who can see the details of certain appointments. WebDAV ACLs provide a flexible and extensible list of privileges, which is both good and bad for calendaring. It's good because it allows a calendaring-over-WebDAV standard to define additional privileges that may not be used in normal WebDAV use cases (for example, the privilege to view a calendar's free-busy information). However the bad part is that a flexible and extensible list of privileges is hard for clients to display and explain to users. This draft attempts to minimize the difficulty by more closely defining the list of privileges that a CalDAV server must support, including calendaring-specific privileges. Implementors should note that WebDAV ACLs are not designed to limit access to specific properties. For example, a calendaring application may wish to choose which other users can view the start/end times of appointments, and separately choose which users can also see the location of appointments. However, as a standard and framework, WebDAV ACL provides a valuable base from which to work. Furthermore, this proposal recommends that advanced access control work for calendaring be relegated to another document, so that standard calendaring systems can be built using existing WebDAV ACL support.

Many WebDAV client applications, servers and APIs already exist. WebDAV clients exist for modern Microsoft, Unix and Apple platforms. Open source solutions are common and powerful. This can significantly improve early interoperability and reduce development and test time. Much security integration work has already been done for WebDAV. Today's Web and WebDAV servers all support TLS, providing at a minimum single-hop privacy and server authentication. HTTP Digest and Basic authentication may provide adequate client authentication (Basic essentially uses a clear-text password but this may be appropriate if the connection is secured with TLS). If not, work is under way to support SASL with HTTP. As that work nears completion, HTTP/WebDAV implementations will add SASL support so that work will be done already for a calendaring system. It seems the HTTP/SASL work is nearing last call (currently draft-nystrom-http-sasl-09.txt).

Synchronization and offline functionality are useful features in Calendaring systems. Luckily, these are already well understood for HTTP/WebDAV technology. HTTP ETags provide a reliable way to determine whether a document in an offline cache needs to be synchronized. At least two WebDAV clients supporting synchronization have already been created: sitecopy (http://www.lyra.org/sitecopy/) and Xythos WebFile Client (http://www.xythos.com/home/xythos/wfc_features.html). Many WebDAV working group members are discussing more work to improve the performance of synchronization between WebDAV clients and WebDAV repositories. This ongoing work can benefit the calendaring community at the same time, provided that the calendaring data model fits easily in the WebDAV data model. The model proposed in this document is one with which new WebDAV synchronization features are likely to be equally applicable to calendaring data. Data migration is almost the same problem as synchronization. One use of a WebDAV tool like sitecopy is to move data to a new server. The move is performed by doing a new synchronization. Once the initial synchronization is complete and verified, the data on the old system can be removed or archived. Data portability is a convenient feature to administrators, particularly when deploying a new system.

Calendaring systems need a mix of fixed, specific searches (such as a "search" for the events occurring today) and general search support. WebDAV DASL can provide the functionality for the general search support (although not always for specific frequently used searches). The only hitch is that DASL is not yet standardized. The WebDAV WG is currently putting effort into completing DASL and several interoperable implementations already exist. In the meantime, if DASL is delayed the specific fixed searches defined in this document (using the REPORT method, see section 7), together with the ability to browse calendars and request calendar objects with certain property values, ought to provide quite reasonable calendar browse/search support. Note that the property promotion proposed in this document means that not only can iCalendar documents be searched with "contains" text searches, but also more sophisticated value matching can be done. For example, since 'dtstart' is promoted from a VEVENT document body to the resource's property list, a DASL search can be constructed to find events with 'dtstart' before a specified date.

WebDAV has a clear and proven extensibility model. The major way functionality is extended is by defining new properties. Servers can extend functionality by creating new live properties in custom namespaces. Clients can also extend functionality by creating new dead properties in custom namespaces. For example, a client might wish to add a "source-device" property in a custom namespace to record which device created the calendar item. Dead properties are client-controlled properties, where the namespace, name and value are entirely controlled by the client. However, the server is required to store these properties and return them, if requested, in PROPFIND queries for individual resources or in listings of collection contents. Some servers support text searching on all dead properties through the DASL extensions. Dead properties can also be used in reports. Other proven HTTP/WebDAV extensibility mechanisms include the ability to define and advertise special WebDAV reports, new HTTP headers, and for ultimate flexibility, new HTTP methods.

This section lists what functionality is required of a CalDAV server. To advertise support for the 'calendar-access' features of CalDAV, a server: MUST support WebDAV Class 1 and 2 (all of RFC2518 including locking). MUST support WebDAV ACLs with the privilege set defined in . MUST support SSL. MUST support strong ETags to support disconnected operations. MUST support DASL. MUST support property promotion as described in this document. MUST support calendaring REPORTs as described in this document. To advertise support for the 'calendar-schedule' features of CalDAV, a server: MUST support all the 'calendar-access' features MUST support the 'schedule' and 'calendar-bind' privileges. MUST support the 'itip-inbox' and 'itip-outbox' collections. MUST support the SCHEDULE method and the Recipient and Originator headers. In addition, a server: MAY support WebDAV DeltaV or some of its components.

If the server supports the calendar access features described in this document it MUST include "calendar-access" as a field in the DAV response header from an OPTIONS request on any resource that supports any calendar properties, reports, or privileges. If the server supports the calendar scheduling features described in this document it MUST include "calendar-schedule" as a field in the DAV response header from an OPTIONS request on any resource that supports the SCHEDULE method.

>> Request <<

>> Response <<

In this example, the OPTIONS response indicates that the server supports both calendar access and scheduling functionality and that /lisa/calendar/outbox/ can be specified as a Request-URI to the SCHEDULE method.

One of the features which has made WebDAV a successful protocol is its firm data model. This makes it a useful framework for other applications such as calendaring. In this proposal, we attempt to follow the same pattern by developing all new features based on a well-described data model. In the CalDAV data model, every iCalendar VEVENT, VJOURNAL, VTODO and VFREEBUSY is stored as a regular HTTP/WebDAV resource. That means each calendar resource may be individually locked and have individual properties. These resources are sorted into WebDAV collections with a mostly-fixed structure.

A CalDav repository, or server, is a calendaring-aware engine combined with a WebDAV repository. A WebDAV repository is a set of WebDAV collections, containing other WebDAV resources, within a unified URL namespace. For example, the repository "http://example.org/webdav/" may contain WebDAV collections and resources, all of which have URLs beginning with "http://example.org/webdav/". Note that the root URL "http://example.org/" may not itself be a WebDAV repository (for example, if the WebDAV support is implemented through a servlet or other Web server extension). A WebDAV repository may include calendar data in some areas, and non-calendaring data in other areas. Calendar data will be indicated through specific container relationships and resource types discussed in the next sections. A WebDAV repository may advertise itself as a CalDAV server if it supports the functionality defined in this specification at any point within the root of the repository. That might mean that calendaring data is spread throughout the repository and mixed with non-calendar data in nearby collections (e.g. calendar data may be found in /lisa/calendar/ as well as in /nborenstein/calendar/, and non-calenadr data in /lisa/contacts/). Or, it might mean that calendar data can be found only in certain sections of the repository (e.g. /caldav/usercals/*). Calendaring features are only required in the repository sections that are or contain calendaring objects. So a repository confining calendar data to the /caldav/ collection would only need to support calendaring REPORTs defined here within that collection. The CalDAV server or repository is the canonical location for calendar data, state information and semantics. The CalDAV server has significant responsibility to ensure that the data is consistent and compliant. Clients may submit requests to change data or download data. Clients may store the calendar offline and attempt to synchronize when reconnected, but changes to the repository occurring in between are not considered to be automatically disposable and clients should consider the repository to be the first authority on state. HTTP Etags and other tools help this work.

Recurrence is an important part of the data model because it governs how many resources are expected to exist. Consider the outcome if recurrence were handled through the creation of many nearly-identical WebDAV resources. With this model, it becomes hard to keep their data consistent. Even worse, some features like LOCK become difficult -- it's hard to lock the right set of resources so that the user can change the title of all recurrences of an appointment. With these considerations, this proposal does not treat recurrences as separate resources. Instead, this proposal models recurrence patterns as properties of event resources. This makes for much less data to synchronize, and makes it easier to make changes to all recurrences or to a recurrence pattern. It makes it easier to create a recurring event, and easier to delete all recurrences. The drawback of the recurrence-is-a-property approach is that it becomes harder to see what events occur in a given time period. It's a very common function for calendar views to display all events happening between midnight yesterday and midnight tonight, or all events happening within one week. In these views, each recurrence appears as if it were an individual appointment. To make these views possible, this proposal defines a REPORT specifically to view events in a time period [TODO - ref section]. Because of this choice, clients MUST NOT create separate resources to represent a recurring event when the recurrence pattern is known. Otherwise, it makes it more difficult for other clients to interoperate and modify the recurring event. Most importantly, clients MUST NOT duplicate events represented through recurrence patterns with manually created events, which would appear as duplicates to the server and to other clients.

VTIMEZONE components are primarily used within other iCalendar components, when a recurrance rule needs to specify what timezone the recurrance occurs in. Since CalDAV contains iCalendar components that may contain recurrances, of course those recurrances may contain VTIMEZONEs. This makes it a little harder for servers to expand recurrances, but otherwise CalDAV servers have little to do with VTIMEZONE components. There is no place to store VTIMEZONE components on their own, either in a user's calendar or in a central location.

One of the key workflows in calendaring and scheduling is when a meeting organizer creates an invitation and sends it to a number of attendees. Each of those attendees wants the event to appear on their own calendar (if they accept it) and have their status reflected back to the organizer. This section is a brief overview of how this workflow relates to the data model of CalDAV, which only applies if the server supports the 'calendar-schedule' set of features. An invitation is not yet an accepted event. Thus, invitations should appear outside the main part of the calendar, and not be included in free-busy rollup or calendar REPORT requests. To handle this in the data model, CalDAV defines an iTIP Inbox collection to contain incoming invitations. Similarly, the Inbox folder can handle incoming replies and other iTIP methods. The Inbox contains inbound iTIP messages long after they are handled/seen by the user, because this serves as a track record and to help synchronize between multiple clients. Outbound iTIP messages are very similar, and need to be tracked both to help synchronize between multiple clients and to support delegation use cases. CalDAV defines an iTIP Outbox collection to contain outbound invitations and other iTIP methods. A single user with multiple clients can use this collection to synchronize the outbound request history. Two users coordinating scheduling with one calendar (e.g. a calendar user and her assistant) can see what scheduling messages the other user has sent. (The calendar owner would then typically have permission to DELETE the scheduling messages but the assistant need not.) Thus, for every scheduling request, we would like to see one copy in the organizer's iTIP Outbox, as well as one copy in each attendee's iTIP Inbox. Rather than require that many PUT requests, CalDAV defines the SCHEDULE method to request that the server place a copy of an iTIP message in a given iTIP Outbox, and do its best to fan out the iTIP message to the recipients' iTIP Inboxes. The server may support fanout to other domains, and the client may attempt to get the server to do this by specifying remote addresses for the fanout recipients, but the server is not bound to support or complete remote fanout operations even if it advertises support for 'calendar-schedule' features. Note that fanout mechanisms are not defined in CalDAV -- there is no server-to-server or server-to-client protocol defined for delivering an iTIP message. Implementations may do this in a proprietary way, with iMIP, or with iTIP bindings as yet unspecified. After the fanout is completed, CalDAV clients will see the iTIP messages the next time they synchronize or query the iTIP Inbox collection. To reply to an iTIP invitation, the client uses the SCHEDULE method to send another iTIP message (this time, a reply). If the user has decided to accept the invitation, the client also uses PUT (or some other method) to create a VEVENT resource (text/calendar) in the appropriate calendar, and with the appropriate details. Typically, the step of putting the event in the calendar is left up to the client, so that the client can make appropriate choices about where to put the event, and with what alarms, etc. However, the server MAY be configured (how is not defined here) to auto-accept or auto-reject invitations, and if the server auto-accepts invitations then the server is responsible for creating VEVENT resources in the user's calendar.

CalDAV defines the following new resource types for use in calendar repositories. LMDTODO: This section needs more information on what properties are REQUIRED on each type of collection. The iTIP document has useful tables listing properties for each method, which might apply to these collections.

A WebDAV collection which contains one or more calendars is considered a Calendar Container. The purpose of the Calendar Container resource is so that the client can identify a container resource which supports the calendar-time-ranges REPORT, besides calendars themselves. A calendar container has a new resource type:

<resourcetype xmlns="DAV"> <collection/> <C:calendar-container xmlns:C="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav"> </resourcetype>

A calendar container may contain more than only Calendar resources. However, non-Calendar resources within a Calendar-Container are not typically intended for user display. These resources may contain configuration or application data created by clients or offered by the server for use by clients.

A WebDAV collection which corresponds to a single calendar or VAGENDA is a Calendar. It has a new resource type:

<resourcetype xmlns="DAV"> <collection/> <C:calendar xmlns:C="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav"> </resourcetype>

The calendar collection contains sub-collections with specific kinds of calendar objects. It also has certain properties which are required to be present on calendards (see XML section). Calendars MUST NOT contain other calendars. Calendars MAY exist inside calendar-containers or inside normal WebDAV collections. Thus, a repository may have calendars without having calendar-containers. Calendar-containers are typically useful so that a client can automatically detect when a user has multiple calendars, e.g. "/lisa/calendars/work" and "/lisa/calendars/karate". A Calendar has a specified substructure. It MUST contain one event collection and one alarm collection. It MAY contain one todo collection and one journal. It MUST NOT contain more than one of any of these specific collections, although it MAY contain additional collections and non-collection resources of types not defined here.

Each Calendar MUST have a collection containing events. All resources within this event collection (even within its sub-collections) are considered part of the calendar, so substructure can be used to organize events into smaller collections without affecting the overall content of the calendar. Clients MUST be prepared to identify and navigate multiple event collections within a Calendar. An event collection has its own resource type so these collections are easily identifiable.

<resourcetype xmlns="DAV"> <collection/> <C:events xmlns:C="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav"> </resourcetype>

Every non-collection resource in a calendar-events collection is considered to be an event. Thus, listing the resources inside a calendar-events collection is a good way to find out all the events on a calendar. Each resource inside an events collection MUST have the default MIME type text/calendar, and each one contains exactly one VEVENT or VFREEBUSY object.

Each Calendar MAY have a collection containing tasks or todos. All resources within this todo collection (even within its sub-collections) are considered part of the calendar. The todo collection has its own resource type.

<resourcetype xmlns="DAV"> <collection/> <C:todos xmlns:C="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav"> </resourcetype>

Every non-collection resource in a todo collection is considered to be a todo. Every resource MUST have the default MIME type text/calendar, and contains exactly one VTODO.

Each Calendar MAY have a collection containing journal items. All resources within this journal collection (even within its sub-collections) are considered part of the journal. The journal collection has its own resource type.

<resourcetype xmlns="DAV"> <collection/> <C:journal xmlns:C="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav"> </resourcetype>

Every non-collection resource in a journal is considered to be a journal item. Every resource MUST have the default MIME type text/calendar, and contains exactly one VJOURNAL.

On a server supporting 'calendar-schedule' features, every Calendar-Container MUST have an iTIP Inbox collection to contain incoming iTIP messages. If a Calendar is not inside a Calendar-Container, then that Calendar MUST have its own iTIP Inbox collection.

<resourcetype xmlns="DAV"> <collection/> <C:itip-inbox xmlns:C="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav"> </resourcetype>

Every non-collection resource in the iTIP Inbox collection is considered to be an iTIP message. Every resource MUST have the media type text/calendar, and contain the iCalendar METHOD property.

On a server supporting 'calendar-schedule' features, every Calendar MUST have a child collection to contain fanout requests and responses for appointments scheduled by the calendar owner (or other users of this calendar). This collection is to store REQUESTs initiated by this calendar server for this calendar, as well as REPLY items received in reply. This collection is only for review because the CalDAV server is responsible for parsing incoming REPLY messages and adding attendee information to events.

<resourcetype xmlns="DAV"> <collection/> <C:scheduling xmlns:C="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav"> </resourcetype>

Every non-collection resource in the scheduling collection is considered to be a REQUEST or REPLY. Every resource MUST have the default MIME type text/calendar, and contains exactly one REQUEST or exactly one REPLY. When the client sends the HTTP SCHEDULE method to an iTIP outbox, the server is responsible for putting a copy of of the iTIP message in that iTIP outbox. This then serves as a record of outgoing scheduling messages. The server MAY auto-delete messages in the outbox after a suitably long period or to keep within a quota. The server SHOULD allow the calendar owner to DELETE resources in the outbox.

Calendars, calendar-containers, collections of calendar objects, and individual calendar objects may all be created by either the CalDAV client or by the CalDAV server. For example, a server might come preconfigured with a user's calendar collection, or the CalDAV client might create a new calendar collection. Servers might create event requests as calendar objects inside a VEVENT collection, or clients might create event requests. Either way, both client and server MUST comply with the requirements in this document, and MUST understand objects appearing in calendars or calendar-containers according to the data model defined here. When servers create HTTP resources, it's not hard for the server to choose a unique URL. It's slightly tougher for clients, because a client might not want to examine all resources in the collection, and might not want to lock the entire collection to ensure that a new one isn't created with a name collision. However, there are tools to mitigate this. If the client intends to create a new non-collection resource, such as a new VEVENT, the client SHOULD use the HTTP header "If-None-Match: *" on the PUT request. The Request-URI on the PUT request MUST include the target collection, where the resource is to be created, plus the name of the resource in the last path segment. The last path segment could be a random number, or it could be a sequence number, or a string related to the object's 'summary' property. No matter how the name is chosen, the "If-None-Match" header ensures that the client cannot overwrite an existing resource even if it has accidentally chosen a duplicate resource name.

PUT /lisa/calendar/events/mtg10028.ics HTTP/1.1 If-None-Match: * Host: cal.example.com Content-Type: text/calendar Content-Length: xxx BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Client//EN BEGIN:VEVENT UID:20010712T182145Z-123401@example.com DTSTART:20010714T170000Z DTEND:20010715T035959Z SUMMARY:Bastille Day Party END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR

The request to change an existing event is the same, but with a specific ETag in the "If-Match" header, rather than the "If-None-Match" header. For optimum interoperability with existing HTTP clients, CalDAV clients and servers MUST use the file extension ".ics" as well as the "text/calendar" MIME type, whenever creating Calendar objects of that MIME type. Note because of these requirements that there is no semantic value in any other part of a resource name other the file extension. Thus, a Calendar collection may be called "calendar", "cal", "Calendario" or "日历" (Chinese). It's the properties of the resource that define what it is, not the name.

The WebDAV ACL specification requires that any principal to whom permissions can be represented via a WebDAV resource (complete with WebDAV properties and a HTTP URL). Thus, both users may be represented (for example, as /principals/users/lisa) and groups (for example, as /principals/groups/dev-team). This feature offers an excellent framework for linking users to calendars in a fashion not otherwise easily implemented. Note that the WebDAV principal resources may not be modifiable through WebDAV. This is an important consideration because it allows the principal directory to be merely a WebDAV representation of data which is canonically stored in an outside system. For example, an enterprise might use an LDAP server to store and administer all user and group properties. This LDAP server could be linked into the WebDAV repository through configuration information. WebDAV server implementations exist which offer principal resources, but when the principal resources are queried the server actually makes a LDAP request to get the principal information from its official source. This saves WebDAV clients from having to implement LDAP and provides a single URL format for principals regardless of whether the user directory is stored in LDAP or some other system. A server supporting CalDAV MUST support additional properties on principal resources if these principals are associated with calendars. In addition, certain properties are required on calendars to link to principal resources. These properties are defined in the properties section.

Property promotion and demotion (hereafter called simply "property promotion") is the name for the functionality by which a server ensures that a resource's internal data and its externally-visible metadata remain consistent. In WebDAV, a collection listing (PROPFIND) selects a set of property names to retrieve. For a collection listing to be useful to browse calendars, certain calendaring information must be exposed as WebDAV properties (this also makes WebDAV SEARCH useful, and makes the definition of REPORTs easier). Since a calendar resource of type text/calendar has properties which duplicate some of its internal state, it's the server's responsibility to keep those consistent somehow. The server has some leeway in how it makes properties and bodies consistent, as long as the response to a GET shows information consistent with the response to a PROPFIND in the interval in which a calendar object has not been altered. Thus, the server MAY change property values when a PUT is performed that alters data exposed as properties, and also change the body when a PROPPATCH is performed that alters calendar properties. Alternatively, a server could implement "lazy promotion" and apply consistency changes only when a GET, PROPFIND, SEARCH or REPORT is issued. Finally, a server might decompose property data and non-property data into separate locations and recompose the information only when a GET requests the entire resource. Any of these approaches MUST be transparent to the client, in that operations behave consistently, with complete round-trip fidelity of all the data originally provided. Thus, a server MAY canonicalize its resource bodies (e.g. eliminate meaningless spaces) but MUST preserve all data. Not all properties need to be promoted, only those properties most useful for clients to do property value searching or listings of calendar events either through PROPFIND or through the recurrence report. All unrecognized properties can be left in the resource body (such as those beginning with x-). TODO: This section needs further definition and details. Clients can upload iCalendar files with syntactic or semantic errors, so helpful error codes must be chosen for these cases: Property is set which can't be demoted without making the iCalendar body invalid iCalendar body provided isn't valid

Scheduling and fanout is a valuable function provided by advanced calendaring servers. Simple clients clearly benefit from having the logic handled by the server. Rich clients also benefit from having to upload less data to various servers (including messaging servers to send invitations via messages) to accomplish the same things. Servers can sometimes provide more advanced scheduling functionality than clients - for example, a server providing fanout could create "unconfirmed" VEVENT resources within invitees' calendars. However, rich calendaring clients may prefer to do fanout. Clients can perform special functionality during scheduling (for example, a client may be configured to be able to directly put events on others' calendars if the user has sufficient permissions). Thus, it is proposed that CalDAV allow the client to either perform fanout and merely create the event (complete with attendee information) OR request that the server perform fanout. In other words, the server MUST handle fanout if requested, and clients MAY perform fanout if the client chooses. CalDAV servers that return the value "calendar-schedule" in the DAV response header MUST support iTIP to send and receive scheduling requests as well as reply to scheduling request. Outgoing iTIP messages MUST be submitted to an iTIP Outbox collection. Incoming iTIP messages MUST be delivered to an iTIP Inbox collection. TODO: We need to clarify if outgoing iTIP messages that have not yet been delivered to all specified calendars should be accessible as calendar resources in the iTIP Outbox collection. Incoming iTIP messages will remain in the iTIP Inbox collection until a client deletes them. CalDAV servers MUST parse incoming REPLY messages and update the appropriate event with attendee information. Thus, it's not necessary for clients to review REPLY messages, although they may. When a CalDAV server delivers an iTIP message, it MUST store the object in an iTIP Inbox collection for the client to handle. Each recipient of the message will have properties indicating whether it is new, has been accepted, has been rejected, and whether it is an obsolete REQUEST (the event has passed). Note that when a calendar server receives iTIP messages it MAY auto-accept based on user configured preferences. How these preferences are configured is out of the scope of this specification, but one could imagine that a CalDAV server could host auto-accept configuration Web pages. A CalDAV server is NOT REQUIRED to do any auto-accepting, it MAY simply store the requests for the next time the client is online. Exact mechanisms for triggering fanout requests must be determined and input is welcome. There are several ways fanout could be accomplished: (a) A PUT of the resource triggers fanout, so the body must contain the fanout information (text and flags), (b) a PROPPATCH triggers fanout if certain properties are set, (c) a new method requests fanout of a resource that has already been uploaded. These three approaches are the most obvious to this author and there is surprisingly little to choose between. More input is needed, for example input on whether the fanout should be synchronous or asynchronous. An asynchronous fanout mechanism using PUT or PROPPATCH would mean that the client would synchronously handle the PUT or PROPPATCH itself, but send invitations at some later time. A synchronous fanout mechanism would probably use a new method with a name like SCHEDULE, because adding new synchronous behavior to existing methods might require more complicated server implementation work. When the server does fanout, it may send requests and receive replies. Probably these requests and responses should be stored as WebDAV resources so that the client can examine the details if desired. This could be a separate collection within the calendar collection. To achieve these goals, this section specifies a WebDAV binding for the iCalendar Transport-independent Interoperability Protocol (iTIP). It provides the necessary information to convey iTIP over WebDAV.

The SCHEDULE method submits an iTIP message specified in the request body to the location specified by the Request-URI. The request body of a SCHEDULE method MUST contain an iCalendar object that obey the restrictions specified in iTIP. The resource identified by the Request-URI MUST be a resource collection of type "itip-outbox". The submitted iTIP message will be delivered to the calendar addresses specified in the Recipient header. The calendar address of the originator of the iTIP message MUST be specified in the Originator header. This calendar address MUST identify a resource collection of type "itip-inbox". that is owned by the currently authenticated user. The calendar address of the recipient(s) of the iTIP message MUST be specified in the Recipient header. There MUST be at least one Recipient per SCHEDULE request. The body of the SCHEDULE request is a complete iCalendar component (content type text/calendar), and MUST have an iTIP method. The list of attendees and the organizer information in this request body might well be redundant with the values of the Recipient and Originator headers. This is intentional, so that the client can have more control over who receives invitations and who sends them: The client may send invitations to calendar users not on the attendee list (for example, to an assistant, caterer, observer, etc). The client may choose not to send invitations to calendar users who are on the attendee list (for example, attendees who have been scheduled through an out-of-band mechanism). The originator may be different than the organizer, for example an assistant who has calendar-bind privileges on the organizer's calendar.

The following are examples of response codes one would expect to be used in a 207 (Multi-Status) response for this method. Note, however, that unless explicitly prohibited any 2/3/4/5xx series response code may be used in a 207 (Multi-Status) response. 200 (OK) - The command succeeded. 202 (Accepted) - The request was accepted, but the server has not performed any action with it yet. 400 (Bad Request) - The client has provided an invalid iTIP message. 403 (Forbidden) - The client, for reasons the server chooses not to specify, cannot submit an iTIP message to the specified Request-URI. 404 (Not Found) - The URL in the Request-URI, the Originator, or the Recipient headers could not be found. 423 (Locked) - The specified resource is locked and the client either is not a lock owner or the lock type requires a lock token to be submitted and the client did not submit it. 502 (Bad Gateway) - The Recipient header contained a URL which the server considers to be in another domain, which it cannot forward iTIP messages to. 507 (Insufficient Storage) - The server did not have sufficient space to record the iTIP message.

>> Request <<

>> Response << http://cal.example.com/bernard/inbox/ HTTP/1.1 200 OK http://cal.example.com/cyrus/inbox/ HTTP/1.1 200 OK ]]>

In this example, the client requests the server to deliver an appointment invitation (iTIP REQUEST) in Bernard's and Cyrus's iTIP Inbox collections.

Incoming iTIP messages will be stored in resource collection of type "itip-inbox". The originator of the iTIP message will be specified in the Originator response header. The same rules for property promotion apply to incoming iTIP messages, so a client can also use PROPFIND and REPORT to get some of the most important information on iTIP messages in the iTIP inbox.

>> Request <<

>> Response <<

The Originator header value is a URL which identifies an iTIP Inbox collection owned by the originator of an iTIP message submitted with the SCHEDULE method. Note that the absoluteURI production is defined in RFC2396.

The Recipient header value is a URL which identifies one or more iTIP Inbox collections to which the SCHEDULE method should delivered a submitted iTIP message. Note that the absoluteURI production is defined in RFC2396

The W3C RDF Calendar group has already defined a namespace ("http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#") and XML element names for many calendaring properties, and these are completely consistent with iCalendar. This standard reuses those namespaces, names and definitions, as much as is consistent with the WebDAV data model. Additional properties are needed to describe calendars and calendar-containers because the W3C RDF Calendar group defines properties for the iCalendar-defined objects only. When used as a WebDAV property, each property name/namespace can appear only once because the property name and namespace is used to identify the property in requests like PROPFIND and PROPPATCH. Multi-valued elements could either be promoted to properties by using a container (e.g. an 'attendees' property could hold each 'attendee' element), or multi-valued elements can remain in the iCalendar body, and not be promoted as WebDAV properties. That means clients must download the event body to learn the values for those pieces of metadata. TODO: Need to reference RFC3339 and put date/time values in that format, and note where that format differs from that of the iCalendar RFC values. If any of these properties appear in an iCalendar body stored in a CalDAV repository they MUST be promoted. All these properties are in the "http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#" namespace. REQUIRED properties for promotion from iCalendar Name WebDAV Property value type summarytext dtstartdate-time from RFC2518 dtenddate-time from RFC2518 durationDURATION from RFC2445 transptext with values from RFC2445 duedate-time from RFC2518 completeddate-time from RFC2518 statustext with values from RFC2445 priorityinteger percent-completeinteger uidtext sequenceinteger recurrence-iddate-time from RFC2518 triggersee below TODO has-recurrenceinteger (0 or 1) see has-alarminteger (0 or 1) see has-attachmentinteger (0 or 1) see The "has-xxx" properties listed above do not correspond to properties in iCalendar components. Instead they are synthesised by the WebDAV server based on the component's properties as described in the following sections. These WebDAV properties are available to allow clients to provide hints about component state to the user without the need to explicitly inspect the component data.

The "has-recurrence" property indicates whether the corresponding component contains one or more RRULE, RDATE, EXRULE or EXDATE properties. i.e. the component is recurring. The integer value '1' indicates that at least one of the recurrence properties is present, the integer value '0' indicates that no recurrence properties are present.

The "has-alarm" property indicates whether the corresponding component contains one or more embedded VALARM components. The integer value '1' indicates that at least one embedded VALARM component is present, the integer value '0' indicates that no embedded VALARM components are present.

The "has-attachment" property indicates whether the corresponding component contains one or more ATTACH properties. The integer value '1' indicates that at least one ATTACH property is present, the integer value '0' indicates that no ATTACH properties are present.

The namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav" is reserved for this specification, or standards-track specifications written to extend CalDAV. It MUST NOT be used for custom extensions. It is the namespace for every new property defined in this section (and every XML element defined in this document). Note that the XML Schema declarations used in this document are incomplete, in that they do not include namespace information. Thus, the reader MUST NOT use these declarations as the only way to create valid CalDAV properties or to validate CalDAV-related XML. Some of the declarations refer to XML elements defined by WebDAV which use the "DAV:" namespace. Those WebDAV elements are not redefined in this document.

calendar-owner MUST appear on a calendar or calendar-container if there is a principal resources (user or group) with which it is associated. This property is used for browsing clients to find out the user, group or resource for which the calendar events are scheduled. Sometimes the calendar is a user's calendar, in which case the value SHOULD be the user's principal URL from WebDAV ACL. (In this case the DAV:owner property probably has the same principal URL value.) If the calendar is a group calendar the value SHOULD be the group's principal URL. (In this case the DAV:owner property probably specifies one user who manages this group calendar.) If the calendar is a resource calendar (e.g. for a room, or a projector) there won't be a principal URL, so some other URL SHOULD be used. A LDAP URL could be useful in this case. This property contains one 'href' element in the "DAV:" namespace. <!ELEMENT calendar-owner (href) > MAY contain additional elements, which MUST be ignored if not understood.

This section defines new properties for WebDAV principal resources as defined in RFC3744. All these properties SHOULD exist on every principal if the server supports CalDAV anywhere in its namespace. Generally, if no appropriate value is known for these properties, the properties SHOULD exist but be blank. Generally these properties are likely to be protected but the server MAY allow them to be written by appropriate users.

alternate-calendar-URI urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Identify the URI of an alternate calendar or scheduling resource for the associated principal resource. The alternate-calendar-URI property is used to provide a resource address or identifier, such as a mailto URL calendar address, that can be used as an alternative to the primary-itip-inbox-URL of the associated resource in the Originator or Recipient headers. This property SHOULD contain the mailto URL if it is known to accept iMIP requests, because clients generally need a way to find out if some calendar user for whom the iMIP address is known is the same calendar user for whom the iTIP Inbox address is known, and this property is the only reliable way to link those addresses together. Zero or more URIs

]]>

calendar-URL urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Identify the URL of any calendar collections owned by the associated principal resource. Zero or more URLs

]]>

itip-inbox-URL urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Identify the URL of any iTIP Inbox collections owned by the associated principal resource. Zero or more URLs

]]>

itip-outbox-URL urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Identify the URLs of any iTIP Outbox collections owned by the associated principal resource. Zero or more URLs

]]>

primary-itip-inbox-URL urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Identify the URL of the principal iTIP Inbox collection owned by the associated principal resource. A principal resource may have many iTIP Inbox collection, but it must have one "principal iTIP Inbox". URI

]]>

primary-itip-outbox-URL urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Identify the URL of the principal iTIP Outbox collection owned by the associated principal resource. A principal resource may have many iTIP Outbox collection, but it must have one "principal iTIP Outbox". URI

]]>

A CalDAV server MUST support the WebDAV ACLs standard. That standard provides a framework for an extensible list of privileges on WebDAV collections and ordinary resources. A CalDAV server MUST also support the set of calendar-specific privileges defined in this section.

Calendar users often wish to allow other users to see their free-busy times, without viewing the other details of the calendar events (location, subject, attendees). This allows a significant amount of privacy while still allowing those other users to schedule meetings at times when the calendar owner is likely to be free. The view-free-busy privilege in the "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav" namespace controls access to view the start times and end times of free and busy blocks of time. This privilege may be granted on an entire calendar. It may also make sense to grant this privilege on individual events (in which case the time allocated to those events would show up as free in the free-busy rollup to an unauthorized viewer), but a server MAY forbid the free-busy privilege from being used on individual events or event containers. A CalDAV server MUST support the free-busy privilege on a Calendar collection. ]]> The view-free-busy privilege is aggregated in the standard WebDAV 'read' privilege. Clients can discover support for various privileges using the 'DAV:supported-privilege-set' property defined in RFC3744.

The schedule privilege controls the use of SCHEDULE to submit an iTIP message via an iTIP Outbox collection. A calendar owner will generally have schedule permission on their own outbox and never grant that permission to anybody else. If the privilege is granted to somebody other than the calendar owner, that person is called the delegate, somebody who can issue invitations or replies on behalf of the calendar owner. Thus, if a server receives a SCHEDULE request where the authenticated sender of the SCHEDULE request does not have schedule permission, the server MUST reject the request. ]]> For example, the following ACE, on Bernard's iTIP Outbox, would only grant the privilege to Bernard to schedule on behalf of himself:

http://cal.example.com/users/bernard ]]>

The calendar-bind privilege is used on a iTIP Inbox or on a calendar collection, to govern whether a user may cause new calendar resources (MIME type text/calendar) to be created in the collection. It is similar to the WebDAV 'bind' privilege but more restricted, because it only allows the user to create new resources of certain types. It doesn't, for example, allow the privileged user to create new collections. Recall that the iTIP Inbox is used to receive iTIP messages. The server automatically creates resources inside the iTIP Inbox when it handles invitations for the inbox's owner. Thus, the calendar-bind privilege determines whether an event organizer is allowed to send an invitation to an attendee and have it appear in their iTIP Inbox. One way an invitation may appear in an iTIP inbox is with the SCHEDULE request. If the server receives a SCHEDULE request where a calendar inbox is named in the Recipient header, it MUST check to see whether the 'calendar-bind' privilege is granted either to the authenticated sender of the request, OR to the owner of the iTIP Outbox that the request comes from (the Request-URI of the SCHEDULE method). Thus, if user Alice grants Bob calendar-bind privilege on Alice's inbox, and Bob grants Margaret (his assistant) schedule privilege on Bob's outbox, then transitively, Margaret can send a SCHEDULE request to Bob's outbox, where Alice's inbox is named in the Recipient header. The SCHEDULE request If the server's calendar-bind privilege check fails for a given inbox, the rest of the SCHEDULE request may still succeed, but a 403 Forbidden error would apper in the Multi-status response to the SCHEDULE request. The server SHOULD also attempt to apply the calendar-bind privilege in other situations where it is requested to add a resource to the iTIP inbox. For example, if the server handles invitations received through some other iTIP binding, the server SHOULD try to see if the invitation should be automatically rejected based on the access control on the iTIP inbox. Outside the iTIP inbox, the same privilege has a slightly different effect, but has the same meaning. If the server receives any HTTP request which would create a new resource inside a calendar, the server MUST check to see whether calendar-bind privilege is granted on that calendar collection. Typically, not many users will allow others to put events directly on their calendar, instead preferring to see invitations and choose whether to accept. In the exceptional cases, users will allow a select few to directly put events on their calendar, and in these cases, the 'calendar-bind' privilege will be granted to those few. On the other hand, many users are happy to receive invitations from anyone, so an iTIP inbox may grant 'calendar-bind' privilege to all users. ]]>

In the WebDAV ACL standard, servers MUST support the 'supported-privilege-set' property to show which privileges are abstract, which privileges are supported, how the privileges relate to another, and to provide text descriptions (particularly useful for custom privileges). The relationships between privileges involves showing which privilege is a subset or a superset of another privilege. For example, because reading the ACL property is considered a more specific privilege than the read privilege (a subset of the total set of actions are allowed), it is aggregated under the read privilege. Although the list of supported privileges MAY vary somewhat from server to server (the WebDAV ACL specification leaves room for a fair amount of diversity in server implementations), some relationships MUST hold for a CalDAV server: The server MUST support the view-free-busy privilege. The view-free-busy privilege MUST be non-abstract, and MUST be aggregated under the read privilege. If the server supports scheduling, the server MUST support the schedule and calendar-bind privileges. Both these privileges MUST be non-abstract, and MUST be aggregated under the 'bind' privilege.

This is a partial example of how the 'supported-privilege-set' property could look on a server supporting CalDAV. Note that aggregation is shown in the structure of the 'supported-privilege' elements containing each other.

Any operation Read any object Read ACL Read current user privilege set View free-busy rollup Write any object Directly schedule (request a meeting) of the owner of this iTIP inbox Make schedule requests of others, on behalf of the owner of this iTIP outbox ... ]]>

This section defines the reports which a CalDAV server MUST support. These all provide special query functionality not normally handled by the generic PROPFIND or SEARCH mechanisms. This can be required when a PROPFIND or SEARCH cannot be written to request the data required for a common use case without an reasonable amount of complex calculation or unnecessary data transmitted. See DeltaV or ACL standards for some examples of reports required in other situations. As defined in DeltaV, all REPORT requests include an XML body naming the type of report requested (only one) and some variables for how that report is to be compiled. Note that support for the REPORT method does not imply support for all reports defined in all WebDAV extensions. A CalDAV server is required to support all the reports defined here and in the ACL standard, but is not expected to support DeltaV reports unless it advertises them. Reports are advertised with the 'supported-report-set' property defined in DeltaV so a CalDAV server MUST provide a value for the 'supported-report-set' property. Each report defined here comes with specialized errors. In addition, some WebDAV status codes are applicable to any request or to any REPORT request. This includes redirect status codes, syntax errors (400 Bad Request), permission errors or policy errors (401 Unauthorized and 403 Forbidden), 404 Not Found, or a request-body that isn't XML or is invalid XML (422 Unprocessable Entity). When an error is defined in this document, it is used in an error response body inside an XML document (this practice was established with DeltaV and ACL in order to avoid status code collisions). For example:

Sample error response HTTP/1.1 409 Conflict Date: Sun, 16 November 2003 18:40:01 GMT Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8" Content-Length: xxx <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <D:error xmlns:D="DAV:"> <range-invalid xnlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav"/> </D:error>

The 'calendar-time-range' report returns all objects of a specific type within a time range, with or without recurrence expanded. The first use case for this report is to have the server expand recurring events to make a calendar view of a day's or week's events easy. The WebDAV PROPFIND and SEARCH syntaxes do not as easily support this use case. Even when the client doesn't need recurrence expanded, it can use this report to save itself from the need to write a SEARCH query which catches all events overlapping any part of the period requested, or from having to do a PROPFIND and filter itself. The second use case for this report is for users other than the calendar owner to find out when the calendar owner is free. This is only a minor variation, because it's effectively the same objects (VEVENT and VFREEBUSY), only with permissions restricting the kind of data the server will return. Servers MUST allow users with permission to view the free-busy times for a calendar to use this report. Servers MUST return event properties for visible events including dtstart, dtend and free-busy type. Other properties MAY be refused. The third use case for this report is to list all alarms in a time range. The selection of VALARM objects, instead of VEVENT or VFREEBUSY objects, allows this use case to be handled with the same report framework.

The REPORT request-body MUST have the root element 'calendar-time-range'. The root element MAY contain the 'expand-recurrences' element as a flag. The root element MAY contain the 'component' element to list what object types to return. The root element MUST contain the 'prop' element in the "DAV:" namespace as defined in WebDAV, to list what property values to return. The root element MUST contain one 'dtstart' element The root element MUST contain one 'dtend' element. The Request-URI for this report MUST be a Calendar-container, a calendar collection, or an events collection. The server MUST collate all the event data contained within the requested collection (this implies depth infinity, so the Depth header isn't used on this report).

Sample request for 'calendar-time-range' report REPORT /lisa/calendar HTTP/1.1 Host: cal.example.com Content-Type: text/xml Content-Length: xxx <?xml version="1.0> <c:calendar-time-range xmlns="DAV:" xmlns:c="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#"> <c:expand-recurrances> <i:dtstart>20031101</i:dtstart> <i:dtend>20031131</i:dtend> <c:component-filter><i:Vevent/></c:component-filter> <prop> <i:dtstart/> <i:dtend/> <i:summary/> <i:valarm/> </prop> </c:calendar-time-range>

The response to this report is a WebDAV Multi-Status response, containing one <response> element for each event AND for each recurrence. This differs from the PROPFIND response to an event collection only in that the relevant recurrences each have their own <response> element, not just the master event. The server MUST expand all recurring calendar objects within the entire collection (including sub-collections) if requested, and return all those calendar objects or recurrences which overlap the period defined by the start to end. If a calendar object ends at precisely the requested start time, or begins at precisely the requested end time, it does not overlap the period requested. If the user requests properties which may not be seen (e.g. a user with permission only to see free-busy time requests to see the location of calendar objects), the response uses the regular WebDAV approach for properties which are private (either 401 Unauthorized if the client is not authenticated, or 403 Forbidden if the client is authenticated and still the property value is private). These errors appear within the standard Multi-Status response. TODO: I guess an example is probably needed here.

The server returns this error when the range requested in the 'dtstart' and 'dtend' values is an invalid range (e.g. dtend is earlier than or equal to dtstart value).

The calendar-property-search REPORT performs a search for all calendar objects whose properties contain character data that matches the search criteria specified in the request. The authors anticipate that this report will be required if DASL is not standardized before CalDAV. Support for the calendar-property-search REPORT is REQUIRED. Marshalling: TODO

>> Request << 20010712T182145Z-123401@example.com ]]>

>> Response << http://cal.example.com/lisa/calendar/events/mtg10028.ics HTTP/1.1 200 OK ]]>

The DASL framework for search requests provides a powerful way to find calendars in a repository, and to find calendar objects within a calendar. It is virtually unlimited in variations. It can be used to request and search on calendar properties as well as WebDAV properties. One drawback of DASL, however, is that implementations are given great leeway in which properties support search. That's less acceptable in calendaring applications, so this specification adds requirements of CalDAV servers to support searches on specific properties. CalDAV servers MUST support 'eq' DASL searches on the following properties: uid, recurrence-id. CalDAV servers MUST support 'eq', 'gt' and 'lt' DASL searches on the following properties: dtstart, dtend, dtstamp. CalDAV servers MUST support 'eq' and 'contains' DASL searches on the following properties: location, comment, description, summary, organizer, attendee, categories.

WebDAV already provides functionality required to synchronize a collection or set of collections, make changes offline, and a simple way to resolve conflicts when reconnected. Strong ETags are the key to making this work, but these are not required of all WebDAV servers. Since offline functionality is more important to Calendar applications than to other WebDAV applications, CalDAV servers MUST support strong ETags. Much more work could be done to make disconnected operations work better. WebDAV implementors have discussed ETag-like tags for collections (CTags?) which would change whenever the membership (or members?) of a collection changed. Tombstones might also be useful to synchronize with DELETE operations. However, all these mechanisms are of general use and not limited to Calendaring. Therefore, it is suggested that work on advanced synchronization take place in a separate document independent of the calendaring-specific features discussed here. Many people are interested in doing this kind of work and it has wide applicability and usefulness. Requirements or design contributions from calendaring implementors are welcome. TODO: this section should be expanded to give more guidance to clients on how to synchronize WebDAV objects most effectively. In particular, we need to understand how UID/SEQ metadata works with synchronization. Note that recurrence isn't a synchronization problem in this model. Recurring items appear only once in normal PROPFIND responses, so there's no danger that in synchronizing a client will accidentally create extra recurrences. Instead, recurrences appear only in a special REPORT which MUST not be used for synchronization. We believe this separation between data (recurring appointments) and presentation (the display of a period containing several recurrences) is crucial to simplifying synchronization.

TODO

In addition to the namespaces defined by RFC2518 for XML elements, this document uses a URN to describe a new XML namespace conforming to a registry mechanism described in RFC3688. All other IANA considerations mentioned in RFC2518 also apply to this document.

Registration request for the caldav namespace: URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Registrant Contact: See the "Author's Address" section of this document. XML: None. Namespace URIs do not represent an XML specification.

Internet Mail Consortium

127 Segre Place Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA phoffman@imc.org

Xerox Corporation

3333 Coyote Hill Road Palo Alto CA 94304 USA masinter@parc.xerox.com

Netscape Communications Corp.

501 East Middlefield Road Mountain View CA 94043 USA jwz@netscape.com

Applications mailto mail uniform resource locator URL This document defines the format of Uniform Resource Locators (URL) for designating electronic mail addresses. It is one of a suite of documents which replace RFC 1738, 'Uniform Resource Locators', and RFC 1808, 'Relative Uniform Resource Locators'. The syntax of 'mailto' URLs from RFC 1738 is extended to allow creation of more RFC 822 messages by allowing the URL to express additional header and body fields. World Wide Web Consortium

MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, NE43-356 545 Technology Square Cambridge MA 02139 +1(617)258-8682 timbl@w3.org

Department of Information and Computer Science

University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697-3425 +1(949)824-1715 fielding@ics.uci.edu

Xerox PARC

3333 Coyote Hill Road Palo Alto CA 94034 +1(415)812-4333 masinter@parc.xerox.com

Applications uniform resource URI A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical resource. This document defines the generic syntax of URI, including both absolute and relative forms, and guidelines for their use; it revises and replaces the generic definitions in RFC 1738 and RFC 1808. This document defines a grammar that is a superset of all valid URI, such that an implementation can parse the common components of a URI reference without knowing the scheme-specific requirements of every possible identifier type. This document does not define a generative grammar for URI; that task will be performed by the individual specifications of each URI scheme. This paper describes a "superset" of operations that can be applied to URI. It consists of both a grammar and a description of basic functionality for URI. To understand what is a valid URI, both the grammar and the associated description have to be studied. Some of the functionality described is not applicable to all URI schemes, and some operations are only possible when certain media types are retrieved using the URI, regardless of the scheme used. Lotus Development Corporation

6544 Battleford Drive Raleigh NC 27613-3502 USA +1-919-676-9515 +1-919-676-9564 Frank_Dawson@Lotus.com http://home.earthlink.net/~fdawson

Microsoft Corporation

One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052-6399 USA +1-425-936-5522 +1-425-936-7329 deriks@Microsoft.com

Applications calendaring scheduling PIM There is a clear need to provide and deploy interoperable calendaring and scheduling services for the Internet. Current group scheduling and Personal Information Management (PIM) products are being extended for use across the Internet, today, in proprietary ways. This memo has been defined to provide the definition of a common format for openly exchanging calendaring and scheduling information across the Internet. This memo is formatted as a registration for a MIME media type per . However, the format in this memo is equally applicable for use outside of a MIME message content type. The proposed media type value is 'text/calendar'. This string would label a media type containing calendaring and scheduling information encoded as text characters formatted in a manner outlined below. This MIME media type provides a standard content type for capturing calendar event, to-do and journal entry information. It also can be used to convey free/busy time information. The content type is suitable as a MIME message entity that can be transferred over MIME based email systems, using HTTP or some other Internet transport. In addition, the content type is useful as an object for interactions between desktop applications using the operating system clipboard, drag/drop or file systems capabilities. This memo is based on the earlier work of the vCalendar specification for the exchange of personal calendaring and scheduling information. In order to avoid confusion with this referenced work, this memo is to be known as the iCalendar specification. This memo defines the format for specifying iCalendar object methods. An iCalendar object method is a set of usage constraints for the iCalendar object. For example, these methods might define scheduling messages that request an event be scheduled, reply to an event request, send a cancellation notice for an event, modify or replace the definition of an event, provide a counter proposal for an original event request, delegate an event request to another individual, request free or busy time, reply to a free or busy time request, or provide similar scheduling messages for a to-do or journal entry calendar component. The iCalendar Transport-indendent Interoperability Protocol (iTIP) defined in is one such scheduling protocol. Microsoft Corporation

One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052-6399 USA +1-425-936-9277 +1-425-936-8019 stevesil@Microsoft.com

Netscape Communications Corporation

501 East Middlefield Road MountainView CA 94043 USA +1-650-937-2378 +1-650-937-2103 sman@netscape.com

Lotus Development Corporation

6544 Battleford Drive Raleigh NC 27613-3502 USA +1-919-676-9515 +1-919-676-9564 Frank_Dawson@Lotus.com http://home.earthlink.net/~fdawson

On Technology, Inc.

434 Fayetteville St.Mall, Two Hannover Square Suite 1600 Raleigh NC 27601 +1-919-890-4036 +1-919-890-4100 rhopson@on.com

Applications calendaring scheduling This document specifies how calendaring systems use iCalendar objects to interoperate with other calendar systems. It does so in a general way so as to allow multiple methods of communication between systems. Subsequent documents specify interoperable methods of communications between systems that use this protocol. The document outlines a model for calendar exchange that defines both static and dynamic event, to-do, journal and free/busy objects. Static objects are used to transmit information from one entity to another without the expectation of continuity or referential integrity with the original item. Dynamic objects are a superset of static objects and will gracefully degrade to their static counterparts for clients that only support static objects. This document specifies an Internet protocol based on the iCalendar object specification that provides scheduling interoperability between different calendar systems. The Internet protocol is called the "iCalendar Transport-Independent Interoperability Protocol (iTIP)". iTIP complements the iCalendar object specification by adding semantics for group scheduling methods commonly available in current calendar systems. These scheduling methods permit two or more calendar systems to perform transactions such as publish, schedule, reschedule, respond to scheduling requests, negotiation of changes or cancel iCalendar-based calendar components. iTIP is defined independent of the particular transport used to transmit the scheduling information. Companion memos to iTIP provide bindings of the interoperability protocol to a number of Internet protocols. Department of Information and Computer Science

University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697-3425 +1(949)824-1715 fielding@ics.uci.edu

World Wide Web Consortium

MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, NE43-356 545 Technology Square Cambridge MA 02139 +1(617)258-8682 jg@w3.org

Compaq Computer Corporation

Western Research Laboratory 250 University Avenue Palo Alto CA 94305 mogul@wrl.dec.com

World Wide Web Consortium

MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, NE43-356 545 Technology Square Cambridge MA 02139 +1(617)258-8682 frystyk@w3.org

Xerox Corporation

MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, NE43-356 3333 Coyote Hill Road Palo Alto CA 94034 masinter@parc.xerox.com

Microsoft Corporation

1 Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052 paulle@microsoft.com

World Wide Web Consortium

MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, NE43-356 545 Technology Square Cambridge MA 02139 +1(617)258-8682 timbl@w3.org

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. It is a generic, stateless, protocol which can be used for many tasks beyond its use for hypertext, such as name servers and distributed object management systems, through extension of its request methods, error codes and headers . A feature of HTTP is the typing and negotiation of data representation, allowing systems to be built independently of the data being transferred. HTTP has been in use by the World-Wide Web global information initiative since 1990. This specification defines the protocol referred to as "HTTP/1.1", and is an update to RFC 2068 . Microsoft Corporation

One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052-6399 yarong@microsoft.com

Dept. Of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine

Irvine CA 92697-3425 ejw@ics.uci.edu

Netscape

685 East Middlefield Road Mountain View CA 94043 asad@netscape.com

Novell

1555 N. Technology Way M/S ORM F111 Orem UT 84097-2399 srcarter@novell.com

Novell

1555 N. Technology Way M/S ORM F111 Orem UT 84097-2399 dcjensen@novell.com

This document specifies a set of methods, headers, and content-types ancillary to HTTP/1.1 for the management of resource properties, creation and management of resource collections, namespace manipulation, and resource locking (collision avoidance). Rational Software

20 Maguire Road Lexington MA 02421 US geoffrey.clemm@rational.com

IBM

3039 Cornwallis Research Triangle Park NC 27709 US jamsden@us.ibm.com

IBM

Hursley Park Winchester S021 2JN UK tim_ellison@uk.ibm.com

Microsoft

One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 90852 US ckaler@microsoft.com

UC Santa Cruz, Dept. of Computer Science

1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 US ejw@cse.ucsc.edu

This document specifies a set of methods, headers, and resource types that define the WebDAV (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning) versioning extensions to the HTTP/1.1 protocol. WebDAV versioning will minimize the complexity of clients that are capable of interoperating with a variety of versioning repository managers, to facilitate widespread deployment of applications capable of utilizing the WebDAV Versioning services. WebDAV versioning includes automatic versioning for versioning-unaware clients, version history management, workspace management, baseline management, activity management, and URL namespace versioning. This document describes an extension to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). The purpose of this extension is to provide an extensible framework by which SIP nodes can request notification from remote nodes indicating that certain events have occurred. [STANDARDS TRACK] Clearswift Corporation

1310 Waterside Arlington Business Park Theale Reading RG7 4SA UK +44 11 8903 8903 +44 11 8903 9000 GK@ACM.ORG

Sun Microsystems

1050 Lakes Drive, Suite 250 West Covina CA 91790 USA chris.newman@sun.com

This document defines a date and time format for use in Internet protocols that is a profile of the ISO 8601 standard for representation of dates and times using the Gregorian calendar. This document describes an IANA maintained registry for IETF standards which use Extensible Markup Language (XML) related items such as Namespaces, Document Type Declarations (DTDs), Schemas, and Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schemas. IBM

20 Maguire Road Lexington MA 02421 geoffrey.clemm@us.ibm.com

greenbytes GmbH

Salzmannstrasse 152 Muenster NW 48159 Germany julian.reschke@greenbytes.de

Oracle Corporation

500 Oracle Parkway Redwood Shores CA 94065 eric.sedlar@oracle.com

U.C. Santa Cruz, Dept. of Computer Science

1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 ejw@cse.ucsc.edu

This document specifies a set of methods, headers, message bodies, properties, and reports that define Access Control extensions to the WebDAV Distributed Authoring Protocol. This protocol permits a client to read and modify access control lists that instruct a server whether to allow or deny operations upon a resource (such as HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) method invocations) by a given principal. A lightweight representation of principals as Web resources supports integration of a wide range of user management repositories. Search operations allow discovery and manipulation of principals using human names. W3C greenbytes Oracle Intelligent Markets Filenet

Michael Arick has provided substantial feedback for this draft.

Basically still adding major sections of content: Defined new field values to the OPTIONS "DAV:" response header Added new resource properties Added new principal properties Added new SCHEDULE method and related headers Added new privileges for scheduling

Added section on privileges for calendaring, extending WebDAV ACL privilege set Defined what to do with unrecognized properties in the bodies of iCalendar events, with respect to property promotion/demotion